JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
MARCH 21
* Launch of Ranger IX, 21:36 UT (1965). (Click here for more information about Ranger.)
* A bear became the first creature to be ejected at supersonic speeds (1962). (The following is from "NASA, The First 25 Years 1958-1983: A Resource for Teachers" published by NASA and printed by the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1983, p. 96.)
The Ranger program was a probe series to transmit close-up black and white photographs of the Moon before crashing into the lunar surface. Three of the nine Rangers (7, 8, 9) were successful. Rangers 1 through 5 experienced technical problems which affected the success of the missions: the launch vehicles malfunctioned for Rangers 1 and 2, Rangers 3 and 5 missed the Moon, and Ranger 4 landed on the back side of the Moon and returned no data.
Ranger 7, 8, and 9 findings: A gently rolling terrain with no sharp relief; and a layer of powdery rubble, with rocks and craters down to at least one meter in diameter everywhere.
Ranger 6
January 30-February 2, 1964. Lunar impact point of hard landing within 32 km (20 mi) of target; TV system failed to operate.
Ranger 7
July 28-31, 1964. First successful Ranger mission; 4,316 high resolution TV pictures of the lunar surface were returned, with objects less than .9m (3 ft) discernible; impact on Sea of Clouds 13-16 km (8-10 mi) from aim point; flight time: 68 hours, 36 minutes.
Ranger 8
February 17-20, 1965. 7,137 pictures returned from Sea of Tranquillity; flight time: 64 hours, 63 minutes.
Ranger 9
March 21-24, 1965. 5,814 pictures of Crater Alphonsus and vicinity returned; 4.8 km (3 mi) from target; flight time: 64 hours, 31 minutes.
Click here to return to the calendar page.
* First manufacturing in space on board STS-3 produced 10-micron latex particles as a "standard refer- ence material" (1983).
(Click here for more information about materials space processing.)
* COLLIERS magazine runs article.) titled "Man Will Conquer Space Soon" (1952).
Click here to return to the calendar page.
* Wernher Von Braun born (1912). * Asteroid misses Earth by 480,000 miles (1989).
* First photograph (daguerreotype) of the Moon (1840).
Click here to return to the calendar page.
* Ranger 9 impacted on Moon, 14:08 UT (1965). The photo at left was taken by Ranger 9. It was among thousands which showed the moon's surface in much greater resolution than ever before. Note the use of a simple analog clock for recording of time rather than digital recording of the elapsed time.
Click here to return to the calendar page.
* Filming of "Future World" with Yul Brynner and Blythe Danner by Hollywood film company at Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas (1976).
* Titan, moon of Saturn, discovered (1655).
Click here to return to the calendar page.
* Goddard's highest rocket flight, approx. 9,000 ft (1937). Photo of Goddard in Smithsonian Inst.
* Space tomato seeds planted at Johnson Space Center (1990). Earthbound seeds planted at the same time. After two weeks, space seeds had 85 percent gemination rate, Earth seeds 62 percent rate.
Click here to return to the calendar page.
* Colonel Yuri Gagarin killed in a crash of his jet trainer. Col. Gagarin was the cosmonaut who piloted Vostok 1 as the first man in space (1968).
* Mariner 7 launched toward Mars (1969).
* Phobos 2 (Soviet Mars probe) ceased radio contact (1989).
Click here to return to the calendar page.
* First flight of a seaplane. The plane, called a Hydrovion, was created by frenchman Henri Fabre. Using a 50 horsepower rotary engine, Fabre flew 1650 feet on water (1910).
* Goddard used gyroscopes to control a rocket (1935).
* Second asteroid, Pallas, discovered (1802).
Click here to return to the calendar page.
* Mariner 10 passed by Mercury (1974).
* Asteroid Vesta discovered (1807)‹ only asteroid sometimes visible to naked eye.
Click here to return to the calendar page.
* XL-15 reached 169,000 ft (1961). Note: The X-15 pictured at left has no air inlets. Why not? Could you call the X-15 the first Space Shutte?
Click here to return to the calendar page.
* Soviets launch astrophysics module Kvant (means Quantum) for eventual docking with space station Mir.
Click here to return to the calendar page.
Return to the top of this page
Click here to return to the SPACE EDUCATORS' HANDBOOK HOME PAGE.